Showing posts with label Seán Ó Ruadháin. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Seán Ó Ruadháin. Show all posts

Friday, March 28, 2014

The Delicate Etiquette of Correcting Someone's Irish

First published in the Western People on Monday.



The fortnight-long Seachtain na Gaeilge – yes, it is odd if it’s called a week and runs for a fortnight – has just ended. How many people noticed? How many people knew it was on in the first place?

In theory, Seachtain na Gaeilge is about encouraging people to make a special effort to use whatever Irish they have for that week (or fortnight, if you insist). But to use it for what? If you go down to the shop and order a mála milseán, will young Svetlana behind the counter have the first notion what you’re talking about?

The nation’s attitude to the first language was discussed in a piece in the Irish Times on St Patrick’s Day by Úna Mullally who, as well as being an Irish Times columnist, is also a presenter on TG4, and thus knows whereof she writes.

In the Irish Times piece, Mullally makes two points. Firstly, she believes that people who speak Irish outside the Gaeltacht should get the same support for their endeavours in speaking Irish as people who live in the Gaeltacht. Secondly, she believes that Irish that is not fluent is as worthy of celebration as Irish that is.

The problem with the first point is that Mullally contradicts herself in her own piece. In her third paragraph, she claims that “given the massive population of young people attending all-Irish speaking schools in the greater Dublin area, there’s an argument for Dublin eventually even being the largest Gaeltacht in the State.” Two sentences later she writes “if you want to ‘keep up’ your Irish in the capital, you’re pretty much on your own.”

Both conditions can’t be true. If Dublin is hopping with Irish speakers, then you cannot be “pretty much on your own” in keeping up your Irish. To use some broken English, the case has gotta be dis or dat.

Mullally’s second point in noble in thought and intent. She speaks of celebrating efforts that people make to speak Irish even if their Irish in poor, writing that, for those who are not fluent, “the intent to speak …[Irish] … is as valid as the poetic prose that flows from a native speaker.”

The problem with this noble thought is that it has very little bearing on reality. Concepts like “celebration” and “validity” have nothing to do with talking. “Celebration” and “validity” are words that have to do with equality politics. They are not about communication, understanding and being understood.

There’s a reason a person’s ability to speak a language, any language, is graded. If the person’s ability is insufficiently good, then that person can’t be understood. Celebrations and measures of value don’t come into it. The person may be a saint or a sinner but we’ll never know because he or she can’t tell us.

What we’re left with, then, is tokenism. I pretend that I can speak Irish and the person to whom I’m speaking plays along, while we both know that if either us hit a little bump we can drop in an English word, we both being – amazing co-incidence, I know – fully fluent in that language. But what we serve by doing that I can’t imagine.

Correcting someone’s Irish is seen as one of the rudest things we can do. The only Irish language book to ever make Number 1 in the Irish booksellers’ charts was Breandán Ó hEithir’s Lig Sinn i gCathú, first published in the mid-1970s. There’s a scene at the end of the novel where two professors are roaring at each other over the inscription on a plaque to commemorate the 1916 Rising.

One man insists the plaque should read “D’ardaigh siad an tine beo,” and the other says it should read “D’ardaigh siad an tine bheo.” This is not the celebration of validity that Úna Mullally was writing about, but it is a fairly accurate snapshot of what’s been going on in the country since Independence – fighting with each other has been more important than promoting the language.

But if no-one’s Irish is corrected, who’s ever going to get it right? Seán Ó Ruadháin, the great Irish scholar from our own County Mayo, wrote in frustration once that the idea of broken Irish being better than clever English was only meant to last for a while – it was never meant to be a licence for bad Irish.

Ó hEithir’s beo/bheo difference is a relatively subtle one. But there’s a picture floating around the internet currently of a man who’s made the most tremendous blunder in Irish, and he’s now stuck with it forever.

The picture is of a man who had a motto in Irish tattooed onto his back, right between the shoulders. The motto is from the poem Invictus, which Nelson Mandela famously recited to himself during his long years of captivity on Robben Island. The lines read:

I am master of my fate
I am the captain of my soul

There are two ways of saying “I am” in Irish – “tá mé,” and “is mise.” This man chose “tá mé.” He should have gone with “is mise.”

This tattoo is valid celebration of the Irish language by Úna Mullally’s lights. By someone else’s lights, it’s a disaster. Firstly, the man is stuck with it. It’ll only come off if he’s flayed, I believe, and bad and all as the translation is, getting skinned alive would be worse. But what’s worse is the confusion it creates.

Someone who’s struggling to learn when to use is mise and when to use tá mé will get confused if he or she is not shown good examples at every turn. Bad Irish means bad examples. Bad examples mean worse Irish, and worse Irish will eventually mean no Irish at all.

If the cost of saving the language is hurt feelings, it’s cheap at the price. I’m sorry Dublin. You’ll just have to offer it up.

Tuesday, March 11, 2008

"Ceart nó Mícheart," Mórshaothar Sheáin Uí Ruadháin, Foilsithe Arís


Tá deascéal ag bhur Spailpín Fánach inniu, deascéal a chuirfidh gliondar is athas i gcroithe na ndaltaí Gaeilge, ní h-amháin an triúr dhalta dathúil ar mullach an bhlaig, ach amach sa domhan mór.

I rith na seascóidí, scríobh Seán Ó Ruadháin alt rialta san irisleabhar Feasta. Ba í an Ghaeilge á phlé ag an Ruadhánaigh, agus gach mí dhéanadh sé a bhreithiúnas ar Ghaeilge, mar a chuala sé i mbéal an phobail í nó mar a scríobhadh í ag an am. Bhí cúrsaí lán-shimplí leis - ba bhreá leis Gaeilge ceart, agus b'fhuath leis an Ghaeilge mí-cheart, cosúil le Gaeilge bhocht bhriste seo, mo léan, mo léan!

Agus an Ruadhánach comh dian diongbháilte ina chuid tuairimí, scríobhadh litreacha chuige san irisleabhar ag ceistiú is ag cáiniú cad a scríobhadh seo. D'fhilleadh an Ruadhánach comh maith mar a bhfuair sé, agus tá macalla an lámhaigh le cloisteal fós ina scríobhnóireacht.

Agus tá an macalla níos airde anois, toisc go bhfuil Ceart nó Mícheart foilsithe arís - eagrán nua faoi eagarthóireacht Liam Mhic Pheaircín, fear a rinne sársaothar féin ag bailiú na h-ailt agus na litreacha a scríobhadh faoi na h-abháir a phéadh i rith na sraithe. Tá roinnt fonótaí ag an bPeaircíneach ar an mbuntéacs - ba fear léanta go leor é an Ruadhánach, agus bíonn sé deacair gach targairt a adhmaigh.

Más féidir leat Seán Ó Ruadháin agus an leabhair seo a chur i gcompáráid le aon saothar eile, is é HW Fowler, an fear a scríobh The King's English i 1918. Sáreolaí graiméir iadsan beirt, agus bhí gach botún mar ghearruchán feola dóibh, peaca in aghaidh Dé agus in aghaidh an phobail. Comh maith le sin, bhí an árd-stíl acu beirt; bhí an Ghaeilge ag Seán Ó Ruadháin ón gcliabhán, ach ba fíor-scolaire é freisin, agus rinne sé gach iarracht a Ghaeilge féin a chur chun cinn i rith a shaol. (Agus ba fhada an saol é freisin - bhí seacht mbliana is seachtó d'aois aige nuair a thosaigh sé ag scríobh Ceart nó Mícheart!)

Cáinadh saothair Uí Rhuadháin ó am go h-am; tá tuairim ann go raibh sé ró-dhian ar an ndroch-Ghaeilge - tá litir sa bhailliuchán seo ó Mhuiris Ó Droigheán ar a cháineadh as ucht a dhiongbháilte. Tuigeann An Spailpín cad atá i gcéist, agus an baol a mbaineann leis an modh scríobhnóireachta seo. Uaireanta, agus an Ruadhánach á léamh aige, tar sé mar bheith ar ais sa rang scoile duit - tá tú á cheistiú ag an múinteoir agus fios maith agaibh beirt níl an múinteoir ag iarradh tú a mhúineadh, ach ag fanacht go rachfaidh tú amú, agus a ionsaigh a dhéanamh ansin, mar a fhanann an cat ar an luch. Ba bhreá an clisteacht leis an Ruadhánach agus ligeann an focal searbh i gcathú é uaireanta nuair b'fhéidir gur chóir do fanacht ina thost.

Nílim cinnte gur mhaith liom Seán Ó Ruadháin a bheith agam mar múinteoir, ach mar scríobhnóir nó sáreolaí na Gaeilge tá sé gan smal. Tá an méid saibhris ina chuid Ghaeilge, tá sí comh beo bríomhar leis, gurbh fhéidir leat fíorbhlás an teanga beo a fháil uaidh, mar a dheirtear gurbh fhéidir blás móna a fháil i ngloine bhreá fuisce. Is cóir duinn cumhnaigh gur deacair an rud é breitneamh a dhéanamh ar cad atá ceart nó mícheart maidir le aon theanga dá laghad, fiú amháin an Ghaeilge. Mar shampla, tógann an Ruadhánach sampla ó scríobhnóireacht éigin chun a thuairim a neartú, ach ar an lámh eile tógann sé sliochta eile mar shampla droch-Ghaeilge go deo, an drochGhaeilge a téadh idir é féin agus a chodladh. 'Sé mo thuairim féin go rinne sé an gaisce mar a rinne Fowler roimhe - rinneadar beirt cad ba mhaith leo, agus gach aon duine eile chun an ndiabhal.

Tuairim nár chóir bheith mar sin, gur chóir rialacha a bheith ann maidir le cad atá ceart nó mícheart, ach ní fhéidir é sin a dhéanamh, toisc go bhfuil teangacha ag athrú go deo. Ba é an dlí an rud is ansa leis na Románaigh, agus tá easactaí fós sa Laidin. An rud is tabhachtaí, ní hé go bhfuil na freagraí go leir ag Seán Ó Ruadháin, ach go bhfuil sé ar a dtóir, agus go bhfuil caghdeán na Gaeilge á phlé comh bríomhar seo aige.

Agus sin mór-oidheacht Uí Ruadháin, agus an fáth go bhfuil Ceart nó Mícheart comh tabhachtach. Tá droch-meas aige ar "Gaeilge na leabhar," ach is é an scéal brónach anois na go bhfuil an teanga bheo, an teanga inár dtógadh an Ruadhánach féin, marbh anois. Scríobhann Ó Ruadháin faoin bhfear seo nó an fear siúd nach bhfuil Béarla aige ón gcliabhán - níl an dream sin againn in Éirinn sa lá atá inniu, agus má tá, is í an Phólainnis nó teangacha eile atá ina mbéal acu, in ionad an Ghaeilge féin. As ucht an leabhar seo, tá fíorbhlás na Gaeilge nádurtha againne, scríofa ag fear léannta ar son daoine léannta fréisin, agus is rud fíor-thabhactacht don dteanga go bhfuil sí scríofa ag na léinn ar son na léinn, comh maith leis na leabhair eile. Ár gceol thú go deo, a Ruadhánaigh, rinne tú do dhualgas ar son an sean-teanga, agus ár gceol tú fréisin, a Liam Mhic Peaircín, go bhfuil seoid mhór na teanga seo foilsithe arís. Tá oidhreacht na tíre níos slána inniu as ucht bhur saothar beirt.






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